The third declension is mostly for feminine nouns, with some masculine and neuter. To produce a patronym, suffixes -вич- and -вн- are used with final vowel addition or modification: -о for hard consonant (Петро́вич/Петро́вна ⇐ son/daughter of Пётр), -ье for -ий (Григо́рьевич/Григо́рьевна ⇐ Григо́рий), and -е for other cases (Матве́евич/Матве́евна ⇐ Матве́й, И́горевич/И́горевна ⇐ И́горь). "3 green straight lines", but три зелёных (G. Краткий теоретический курс для школьников, "Значение Пушкина в развитии русского литературного языка", "The Morphology/Syntax Interface: Evidence from Possessive Adjectives in Slavonic", "The structure and use of collective numeral phrases in Slavic: Russian, Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian, and Polish", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_declension&oldid=989444621, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Georgian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Masculine and neutral nouns people, including common-gender (except presuming feminine group), Collective numerals are used to emphasize the cohesiveness of the group, while cardinal (, 8–10 are seldom used; in oblique cases is optional, The use of a direct object in the genitive instead of the accusative in negation signifies that the noun is indefinite, compare: ", The use of the numeral one sometimes signifies that the noun is indefinite, e.g. Recognizing Russian Words. For inanimate referents (simple lifeforms, objects, states, notions), the accusative form is identical to the nominative form (nominative-accusative syncretism). Recognizing Russian Names of Cities. Short forms by themselves can form "reemerging" vocative case (sometimes called neo-vocative); it is used for calling a familiar person, substituting nominative singular by removing last vowel (Артём – Тёма – Тём, О́льга – О́ля – Оль). Some nouns (such as borrowings from other languages, abbreviations, etc.) In modern Russian, the short form appears only in the nominative and is used when the adjective is in a predicative role; formerly (as in the bylinas) short adjectives appeared in all other forms and roles, which are not used in modern language, but are nonetheless understandable to Russian speakers as they are declined exactly like nouns of the corresponding gender.[11]. Part 1” you will learn about cardinal numbers in the Russian language. [17] Only numerals from 2 (двое) to 7 (семеро) are actively used nowadays, while 8 to 10 are seldom used and 11–13 are not normative;[18] word о́ба (both) is also considered to be collective numeral. Alternative for possessive adjectives are possessive genitives which are used much more commonly. Fractions 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 have proper names (nouns): полови́на, треть and че́тверть, which are used instead of ordinal numbers. Russian collective numerals are different from the cardinal numerals in that the former emphasize ‘the totality’ or ‘the aggregate as a whole’, while the latter – ‘the (0359g) Recognizing Russian Words. Declension of Russian adjectives Russian grammar--> Declension of Adjectives. The Big Silver Book of Russian Verbs - A great reference book of conjugated Russian verbs. However, these nouns and their forms have sufficient similarity with feminine third declension nouns that some scholars such as Litnevskaya[7] consider them to be non-feminine forms of this declension, as written in the tables below. View examples of possessive adjectives ending in -ин(-ын), -ов(-ев) declension, Declension of qualitative and relational adjectives, Declension of possessive adjectives with stem ending in the sound [y], Declension of possessive adjectives ending in -. Introduction to the Genitive case. The numbers from 11 to 19 are: оди́ннадцать, двена́дцать, трина́дцать, четы́рнадцать, пятна́дцать, шестна́дцать, семна́дцать, восемна́дцать, девятна́дцать. The following rules apply: Russian has several main classes of numerals (числи́тельные): cardinal, ordinal, collective, and fractional constructions. Comparative and superlative synthetic forms are not part of the paradigm of original adjectives but are different lexical items, since not all qualitative adjectives have them. In other cases, these adjectives have the same endings as soft-stem qualitative and relational adjectives (see above). Adjectives on -ий (speaking about suffix, not case ending; before vowels, this suffix deceases to single sound /j/ and is written as ь) are used for deriving adjectives mostly from animal species (in Old East Slavic, this suffix derived possessive adjectives from plural possessors[14]): лиса 'fox' — лисий 'of a fox', 'likely for a fox'. Declension of such adjectives is nominal in nominative and accusative (except masculine and plural animated accusative) and adjectival for other forms. [16] For rational numbers see below. Textbook Exercise 1-22. Examples: After integer in such cases is often used word це́лая (substantiated adjective "full, integer", which also refers to omitted word часть and thus is feminine): 3,14 – три це́лых (и) четы́рнадцать со́тых (union is often omitted); word це́лая can appear also in naming non-decimal simple fractions: 2 3/8 – две це́лых три восьмы́х. They are also often added with preposition с, while form of noun appears to be related to the integer part rather than to the fraction: де́сять с че́твертью [Instr.] Note: In the instrumental case, -ою and -ею instead of -ой and -ей endings may be encountered in the singular. (compare пять деся́тков – пяти́ деся́тков "five tens"). The complexity of its declensions resembles older languages such as Latin and Ancient Greek more than most modern languages. and adjectives with a stress on the stem which have masculine singular form ending in -ий (e.g. ), grouping two or three digits: 123406 – сто два́дцать три четы́реста шесть, двенадцать три́дцать четы́ре ноль шесть (forced ноль added to avoid missing digit). строгий severe). Up to ten additional cases are identified in linguistics textbooks,[1][2][3] although all of them are either incomplete (do not apply to all nouns) or degenerate (appear identical to one of the six simple cases). Ranges (hyphenated) are also possible: пять-шесть дней (5–6 days), дней пять-шесть (probably 5–6 days). Russian Learners' Dictionary: 10,000 Russian Words in Frequency Order - A simple but powerful concept. Examples: pl.) Russian lesson of the day Russian flashcards Russian verb conjugation Russian declension Our blog Our newsletter Russian words by category Having started in 2017, today we have 1248 Russian words divided into 53 categories. nominative singular masculine endings (-ой/-ий), in other cases they will have similar endings.