Figure.1 Process of Ion Exchange to Soften Water. trailer
The exchange medium can be natural “zeolites” or synthetic resin beads that resemble wet sand. %PDF-1.7
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However it is worth mentioning it because it constitutes the largest application of ion exchange processes • Water softening consists of removing divalent ions, such as Ca++ or Mg++, from water (these ions result in the so-called water … 0000011709 00000 n
Ion exchange occurs in a variety of substances and it has been used on an industrial basis since circa 1910 with the introduction of water softening using natural and later, synthetic zeolites. 0000077071 00000 n
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It has become more popular as more and more homes acquire water softeners to remove Ca2+ and Mg2+ from water. *'Ǖ�����V+��F��;@7�!p�t����e9�+��D�9M�ßRp�C�Je�. �b�� ���4q�C�\�S���H�����2ޅ���]�z5�2���D�������u�������12�}o�N�&������=ɒ�?�l��3�� �SE��� c��&������6k
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A typical salt based water softener system will use a principle known as ion exchange. Zeolite resin exchanges sodium for calcium and magnesium. �������u��A�R����Y�6��! 0000028740 00000 n
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from it, and equivalent amount of H + ions are released from this column to water. xref
In the ion exchange process, sodium ions are used to coat an exchange medium in the softener. 2RH+ + Mg2+ ——.> R2Mg2+ + 2H+. 0000067674 00000 n
The hard water is passed first through cation exchange column, which removes all the cations like Ca2+, Mg2+, etc. 31 63
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Ion exchange is most often used in water-softening and other purification and separation processes. 0000122197 00000 n
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Generally speaking there are two tanks attached to this kind of water softener. 0000008707 00000 n
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Cations refer to positively charged ions dissolved in the water. Ion Exchange in Water Softening • Water softening is not a wastewater process. 0000004095 00000 n
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Softeners may also remove as much as 5-10 ppm (parts per million; ppm is equal to milligrams per liter, or mg/L) of iron and manganese. 0000066171 00000 n
The ion exchange water softening process can remove nearly all calcium and magnesium from source water. 0000068396 00000 n
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Sulfonated coal, developed for industrial water treatment, was the first ion exchange material that was stable at low pH. h�b```b``;���� �� Ā B��,/����u00p�}��7`�(���9E��S�`���N)��M�V?>������E>����Y *e��xr�u~2y)� 2C���2::�|FAAc������ � ��;
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u��|��8!� Ion-exchange resin, (zeolite) exchanges one ion from the water being treated for another ion that is in the resin (sodium is one component of softening salt, with chlorine being the other). Ion-exchange is used extensively in small water systems and individual homes. Water softeners usually use sodium (Na+) as the exchange ion. Ion exchange is a process in which the minerals that cause the water to be hard, usually this would be calcium and magnesium, are removed and replaced with other ions such as sodium and potassium. 0000071819 00000 n
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The first tank is the … 0000007750 00000 n
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