Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and concludes three major decay chains of heavier elements. Lawrencium is a chemical element with atomic number 103 which means there are 103 protons and 103 electrons in the atomic structure. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer (passivation) stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation. The chemical symbol for Oxygen is O. The chemical symbol for Neon is Ne. Sodium is a chemical element with atomic number 11 which means there are 11 protons and 11 electrons in the atomic structure. It is even less abundant than the so-called rare earths. Nickel is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. The first theory explaining mechanism of melting in the bulk was proposed by Lindemann, who used vibration of atoms in the crystal to explain the melting transition. Carbon is a unique element. However, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine do not follow this trend. The atom consist of a small but massive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of rapidly moving electrons. Chemically, sulfur reacts with all elements except for gold, platinum, iridium, tellurium, and the noble gases. The most stable known isotope, 269Hs, has a half-life of approximately 9.7 seconds. Lawrencium is the final member of the actinide series. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. The chemical symbol for Polonium is Po. Cerium is also traditionally considered one of the rare-earth elements. Affinities of Non metals vs. Affinities of Metals. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. Copper is a chemical element with atomic number 29 which means there are 29 protons and 29 electrons in the atomic structure. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and is stored in mineral oil. If we include man made elements, the densest so far is Hassium. Hassium is a chemical element with symbol Hs and atomic number 108. Our Website follows all legal requirements to protect your privacy. Dysprosium is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors, for its high magnetic susceptibility in data storage applications. There are 14 general types of such patterns known as Bravais lattices. Gold is a chemical element with atomic number 79 which means there are 79 protons and 79 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Actinium is Ac. Nickel is a chemical element with atomic number 28 which means there are 28 protons and 28 electrons in the atomic structure. Iridium is a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium). Solids are similar to liquids in that both are condensed states, with particles that are far closer together than those of a gas. Tin is a chemical element with atomic number 50 which means there are 50 protons and 50 electrons in the atomic structure. The forces of chemical bonding causes this repetition. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Gadolinium is a chemical element with atomic number 64 which means there are 64 protons and 64 electrons in the atomic structure. This fact has key implications for the building up of the periodic table of elements. Your email address will not be published. Zirconium is a chemical element with atomic number 40 which means there are 40 protons and 40 electrons in the atomic structure. Hafnium is a lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in many zirconium minerals. Cerium is the second element in the lanthanide series. The pressure at which vaporization (boiling) starts to occur for a given temperature is called the saturation pressure. Possible oxidation states are -4; -3 …; + 4. In nuclear industry, especially artificial xenon 135 has a tremendous impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. Technetium is the lightest element whose isotopes are all radioactive; none are stable. In nuclear industry boron is commonly used as a neutron absorber due to the high neutron cross-section of isotope 10B. Curium is a hard, dense, silvery metal with a relatively high melting point and boiling point for an actinide. The chemical symbol for Mercury is Hg. Helium is a chemical element with atomic number 2 which means there are 2 protons and 2 electrons in the atomic structure. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. ), and shape. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties. Cobalt is a chemical element with atomic number 27 which means there are 27 protons and 27 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Hafnium is Hf. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Natural boron consists primarily of two stable isotopes, 11B (80.1%) and 10B (19.9%). The chemical symbol for Vanadium is V. Vanadium is a hard, silvery grey, ductile, and malleable transition metal. It rarely occurs in its elemental state or as pure ore compounds in the Earth’s crust. Below the melting point, the solid is the more stable state of the two, whereas above the liquid form is preferred. The chemical symbol for Radium is Ra. The chemical symbol for Zinc is Zn. The chemical symbol for Thallium is Tl. Yttrium is a chemical element with atomic number 39 which means there are 39 protons and 39 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Lead is Pb. Berkelium is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. and Gay-Lussac, L.-J. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z. Neon is a chemical element with atomic number 10 which means there are 10 protons and 10 electrons in the atomic structure. The motion of individual atoms, ions, or molecules in a solid is restricted to vibrational motion about a fixed point. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. Europium is a chemical element with atomic number 63 which means there are 63 protons and 63 electrons in the atomic structure. Liquid nitrogen (made by distilling liquid air) boils at 77.4 kelvins (−195.8°C) and is used as a coolant. Lanthanum is a chemical element with atomic number 57 which means there are 57 protons and 57 electrons in the atomic structure. Iodine is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. Chlorine is a chemical element with atomic number 17 which means there are 17 protons and 17 electrons in the atomic structure. Titanium is a chemical element with atomic number 22 which means there are 22 protons and 22 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Gallium is Ga. Gallium has similarities to the other metals of the group, aluminium, indium, and thallium. The chemical symbol for Zirconium is Zr. Beryllium is a hard, grayish metal naturally found in mineral rocks, coal, soil, and volcanic dust. Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. The densest material found on earth is the metal osmium, but its density pales by comparison to the densities of exotic astronomical objects such as white dwarf stars and neutron stars. The chemical symbol for Dysprosium is Dy.