Morphosyntactic alignment can be coded by case-marking, verb agreement and/or word order. The interrogative pronouns are used strictly for asking questions. The second declension contains two types of masculine Greek nouns and one form of neuter Greek noun. The word mīlle 'thousand' is a singular indeclinable adjective. [11], In Neo-Latin, a plural form is necessary in order to express the modern concept of ‘viruses’, which leads to the following declension:[12][13][14]. However, their meanings remain the same. In accusative case, the forms mēmē and tētē exist as emphatic, but they are not widely used. All demonstrative, relative, and indefinite pronouns in Latin can also be used adjectivally, with some small differences; for example in the interrogative pronoun, quis 'who?' The locative ending of the fifth declension was -ē (singular only), identical to the ablative singular, as in hodiē ('today'). 4. accusativus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press accusativus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887) In the Latin language, declension refers to the method of inflecting nouns and adjectives to produce the 6 grammatical cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative and vocative. As with adjectives, there are irregular adverbs with peculiar comparative and superlative forms. Simply put, all "e"s are switched to "a"s. Notice that the declension of nouns ending in -es is quite similar to the declension of the most common nouns of the first declension which, similarly, end in -a. Latin Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. For example, servus, servī ('slave') could be servos, accusative servom. The vocative singular of deus is not attested in Classical Latin. Voto Medio. For example, the stem of pāx, pācis f. 'peace' is pāc-, the stem of flūmen, flūminis n. 'river' is flūmin-, and the stem of flōs, flōris m. 'flower' is flōr-. Adjectives are of two kinds: those like bonus, bona, bonum 'good' use first-declension endings for the feminine, and second-declension for masculine and neuter. Pure i-stems are indicated by special neuter endings. Nominative - i. Genitive - orum. Adjectives (in the first and second as well as third declensions) that have masculine nominative singular forms ending in -er are slightly different. The predominant letter in the ending forms of this declension is o. There are several small groups of feminine exceptions, including names of gemstones, plants, trees, and some towns and cities. The mixed declension is distinguished from the consonant type only by having -ium in the genitive plural (and occasionally -īs in the accusative plural). The dative case refers to the indirect object of the sentence. One pattern was shared by the first and second declensions, which derived from the Proto-Indo-European thematic declension. The dative, ablative, and locative are always identical in the plural. For regular first and second declension and third declension adjectives with one or two endings, the comparative is formed by adding -ior for the masculine and feminine, and -ius for the neuter to the stem. The possessive adjective vester has an archaic variant, voster; similar to noster. First and second declension adjectives' adverbs are formed by adding -ē onto their stems. [16], The accusative singular ending -im is found only in a few words: always in tussis 'cough', sitis 'thirst', Tiberis 'River Tiber'; usually in secūris 'axe', turris 'tower'; occasionally in nāvis 'ship'. Accusativo, dativo e genitivo seguno anche determinate preposizioni.