1After this David inquired of the Lord, “Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah?” The Lord said to him, “Go up.” David said, ... View more, David Anointed King of All Israel Short written texts, generally inscribed on stone or clay and frequently recording an event or dedicating an object. Pekah was assassinated by Hoshea. The first capital of Northern Kingdom was Shechem (1 Kings 12:25), then Tirza (14:17), and finally Samaria (16:24), which endured until the destruction of the kingdom by the Assyrians The biblical texts create a complex portrait of a King David who was both a revered leader and a flawed man. The Kingdom of Israel may refer to any of the historical kingdoms of ancient Israel, including: . Art, Music, Literature, Sports and leisure, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Israel&oldid=1010764, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, Miller, J. Maxwell. Jeroboam's son Zachariah was assassinated by Shallum, beginning a period of instability and decline. Joram and his mother, Jezebel, were soon put to death together with their entire extended family, and a widespread slaughter of the priests of the Baal followed. According to the Bible, the house of David ruled the southern kingdom of Judah for several centuries, and extrabiblical evidence appears to confirm this designation for the monarchy of Judah. The house of Omri is a common designation of the northern Kingdom of Israel in Assyrian royal inscriptions, which continued to be used long after Omri’s dynasty was overthrown. This kingdom existed alongside the southern kingdom of Judah, which encompassed the more limited territory of the tribe of Judah. Just as important, they must not continue the "sin of [the first] Jeroboam," namely to support the Israelite shrines at Bethel and Dan with their golden calf statues. Shallum was soon put him to death by an army officer, Menahem. The division of the united kingdom after Solomon's death (after another 40-year reign) is explained in 1 Kings as punishment for Solomon's tolerance of idolatry. ), establishing their independence. The period from the late 10th through the early sixth centuries B.C.E., when the northern kingdom of Israel (until 722) and the southern kingdom of Judah (until 586) existed alongside one another. Even the ancient shrine at Bethel (the "house of El") is, to them, an abomination. Steven L. McKenzie is professor of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament and Spence L. Wilson Senior Research Fellow at Rhodes College in Memphis, Tennessee. However, beginning with Jeroboam I, several neighboring rulers left records that confirm some of the historical details of the biblical chronicle, while of course differing in political slant and religious outlook. 2 Esdras 13: 40 “Those are the ten tribes, which were carried away prisoners out of their own land in the time of Osea the king, whom Salmanasar the king of Assyria led away captive, and he carried them over the waters, and so came they into another land. The rule of Jeroboam's tribe, Ephraim, became unpopular; and his son Nadab (913) was slain by the usurper Baasha, of the tribe Issachar (911). In declaring "Here are your 'gods' (Elohim), O Israel" was Jeroboam I truly denying Yahweh/Elohim, or was he merely declaring that the God of Israel (Elohim) could be worshiped just as well at Dan and Bethel as in Jerusalem? in Syria-Palestine, encompassing all the tribes of Israel and dominating neighboring Edom, Moab, and Aram (Syria). This, together with the advantage of a greater population and better natural resources than landlocked Judah, enabled him to strengthen Israel's position. For this period, most historians follow either of the older chronologies established by William F. Albright or Edwin R. Thiele, or the newer chronology of Gershon Galil, all of which are shown below. Omri also consolidated Israel politically and resisted both Damascus to the north and the Moabites to the south. A similar problem arises with regard to population. This “sin” hovers like a curse over the entire northern kingdom of Israel in its apparent inability to establish an enduring ruling dynasty through any of its kings—unlike its southern neighbor Judah, whose Davidic dynasty continued in unbroken succession. Jehu appealed to Shalmaneser III of Assyria, an act memorialized in the Black Obeslisk unearthed in northern Iraq. The northern tribes of Ephraim and Benjamin made Saul's son Ish-Bosheth their king in the town of Mahanaim, probably near the Jabbock River. Jerusalem was the capital of the United Kingdom. Israel was initially at a disadvantage against Judah due a lack of a standing army and also because of internal strife. 1Then all the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron, and said, “Look, we are your bone and flesh.2For some time, while Saul ... View more, Solomon Builds the Temple Menahem's main recorded contribution was to stave off invasion by paying a tribute of thousand talents of silver to Tiglathpileser III. 1King Solomon loved many foreign women along with the daughter of Pharaoh: Moabite, Ammonite, Edomite, Sidonian, and Hittite women,2from the na ... View more, The Northern Tribes Secede Omri established a powerful dynasty and made Israel into a major regional power. Jehu also killed Joram's southern ally, King Ahaziah of Judah, ironically paving the way for Jezebel's daughter Athaliah, to seize the throne in Jerusalem. - 1020 B.C.E., enduring until it fell to the Assyrian empire in 722 B.C.E.. During this time David captured the strategic Jebusite town of Jerusalem and made it his capital. The Bible describes the next king, Shlomo, or Solomon, as a leader of great wisdom who expanded the United Kingdom into a great empire and constructed a glorious national Temple in Jerusalem. The united Kingdom of Israel (c. 1050 BC – c. 930 BC) was a kingdom in the Land of Israel according to the Bible, a period referred to by scholars as the United Monarchy. One might see an analogy in a history of the American Civil war written by an adamant northern abolitionist. The supreme male divinity of Mesopotamia and Canaan. Critical scholars wonder if the bull calf statue was the real issue, or whether it was more likely one of control. These authors tolerate no compromise with religious pluralism.