Many of the same functional groups that raise the boiling point of a compound (carbonyl and hydroxyl groups) also increase its solubility in water. The functional group to the right of the central carbon is an carboxyl group. The size of the molecule and functional groups present on the molecule also determine whether or not it will be soluble in a particular solvent. Aspirin contains polar functional groups which can form hydrogen bonds with polar water molecules. Examples of functional groups include the hydroxyl group, ketone group, amine group, and ether group. [hangman] [c*]carboxyl [f]Awesome. The presence of functional groups explains the maxim in chemistry that “like dissolves like.” The mutual solubility of compounds is due to the interaction of shared functional groups. As the polarity of the functional groups decreases the solubility of the molecule in water decreases. Carbohydrates usually contain a carbonyl (=O) and hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. Carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Clearly illustrated here the carbonyl group bonds with a carbon atom to form a ring structure that is often found in polysaccharides that usually form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups. Because of their importance in understanding organic chemistry, functional groups have characteristic names that often carry over in the naming of individual compounds incorporating specific groups. A particular functional group will almost always display its characteristic chemical behavior when it is present in a compound. Functional Groups are the substituent atoms or group of atoms that attach to a molecule and enable them to participate in specific chemical reactions. Polar molecules (with +/- charges) are attracted to water molecules and are hydrophilic. Water is attracted to this group, and therefore molecules that have this group (such as sugars) tend to dissolve in water. Avocados are an excellent dietary source of pantothenic acid, vitamin 85. Functional groups undergo the same chemical reactions no matter how large or small the molecule is. Functional groups include hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl. [q]In the molecule below, the functional group attached to the right side of the central carbon is a(n) _____ group (note: the central carbon has the R 1 hanging below it: you’ll learn what that is very soon). A substance with sufficient polar or charged character may dissolve or be highly miscible in water is referred to as being hydrophilic (hydro- = “water”; … Aspirin is more soluble in basic (alkaline) solutions, so it readily dissolves in … Functional groups are clusters of atoms with characteristic structure and functions. Alcohols are characterized by this functional group. (b) At which sites can pantothenic acid hydrogen bond to water? Aspirin is only slightly soluble in water and acidic solutions such as is present in the stomach. (a) Identify the functional groups in the ball-and-stick model of pantothenic acid, vitamin 85. Water readily dissolves sugar because both sugar and water contain a hydroxyl group and hydroxyl groups interact strongly with each other. of acidic and basic functional groups, the roles of water and lipid soluble functional groups, the types of chemical interactions possible between functional groups and their biological targets, the specific routes of metabolism associated with specific functional groups, and how functional groups can be altered to provide a therapeutic benefit. Covalent bonds link the atoms within functional groups and connect them to the rest of the molecule. Nonpolar molecules are repelled by water and do not dissolve in water; are hydrophobic. Water also interacts with other molecules that have charged functional groups and/or functional groups with hydrogen bond donors or acceptors. The polar functional groups like hydroxide, carbonyl, carboxyl, etc are readily soluble in water. This functional group is polar because the electronegative oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons. (c) Predict the water solubility of pantothenic acid.